Kilogram Standard

The basic SI unit of mass, the kilogram (kg), is defined as the mass of a specific platinum–iridium alloy cylinder kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Sèvres, France. This mass standard was established in 1887 and has not been changed since that time because platinum–iridium is an unusually stable alloy (Fig. 1.1a). A duplicate of the Sèvres cylinder is kept at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland.

Halliday-Resnick, Fundamental of Physics.

History of Meter

In A.D. 1120 the king of England decreed that the standard of length in his country would be named the yard and would be precisely equal to the distance from the tip of his nose to the end of his outstretched arm. Similarly, the original standard for the foot adopted by the French was the length of the royal foot of King Louis XIV. This standard prevailed until 1799, when the legal standard of length in France became the meter, defined as one ten-millionth the distance from the equator to the North Pole along one particular longitudinal line that passes through Paris.

Many other systems for measuring length have been developed over the years, but the advantages of the French system have caused it to prevail in almost all countries and in scientific circles everywhere. As recently as 1960, the length of the meter was defined as the distance between two lines on a specific platinum–iridium bar stored under controlled conditions in France. This standard was abandoned for several reasons, a principal one being that the limited accuracy with which the separation between the lines on the bar can be determined does not meet the current requirements of science and technology. In the 1960s and 1970s, the meter was defined as 1 650 763.73 wavelengths of orange-red light emitted from a krypton-86 lamp. However, in October 1983, the meter (m) was redefined as the distance traveled by light in vacuum during a time of 1/299 792 458 second. In effect, this latest definition establishes that the speed of light in vacuum
is precisely 299 792 458 m per second.

Halliday-Resnick, Fundamental of Physics

Anomaly of Water

Anomaly of water is a perfect design of the Creator between water volume expansion and shrinkage. On high school we were learn physics lessons about the expansion. The nature of all substances expand when heated is, the dimensions of length, area, or volume will be increased.

That is because each object is composed of particles that moves. If the object getting hotter, then the particles that content in the object also has a greater energy to move faster. Because the movement is faster, these particles require a larger space, then there was an expansion. Even if it is hot enough, that matter of object will be changed to a more free movement phase. An example from solid to liquid or from liquid to gas.
Increasing volume without mass accretion makes the density of objects decreases. For liquid and gas, a  smaller density substance will fill the of the upper section, the greater density will sink to the bottom section of the container.

So even water. If water is heated in the pan, the heat water will rise to the surface. While the cooler becomes heavier and sinks to the bottom of the pan. That's also what we learned on the subject of convection currents.

So why ice cubes float on the glass? Why icebergs float on the surface of the sea? Why in four seasons country, the top layer of the lake becomes solid, while in the depths of the lake remain liquid at the winter?

This is the anomaly of water. Water, like most other materials, will expand when heated and contract when cooled. Unless the temperature of 0 degree Celcius to 4 degree Celcius. Between these temperatures the properties of water act for the opposite, it will expand when heated and shrink when cooled. This resulted in heaviest water in 4 degree temperatures, which is at the bottom has a temperature of 4 degree. And it's not possible to freezing in that conditions, because if it is smaller than it, it will be pushed to the surface. Very beneficial for a variety of organisms that live in the water, because there is not much that can survive at temperatures below 4 degree. Or in freezing area. Then what will happens when water freezes from the bottom? There will be no ogranism alive instead.
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Why did Einstein Sticking His Tongue Out?

Have you seen this picture before? Really often. This is a famous picture of Albert Einsten. He is a famous scientist. Then many question come. Why did he sticking out his tongue? If you think that to be genius, then we must sticking out our tongue and dishelveling our hair. Haha, then try that, tou will looked so freak actually.

Actually it was Einstein's 72nd birthday, March 14th, 1951. It was taken by Arthur Sasse, a photographer. In that original picture, there was Einstein, her wife and Dr Frank Ayedelotte inside the car. Albert Einstein and Aydelottejus got back from his award. Although Einstein was sitting in a car seat, reporters and photographers were still persuing him. The reporters tried to hold Einstein, and Einstein shouted : "it's enough!". But they still asking questions and kept taking picture. When a reporter asked Einstein's willingness to perpetuate photo birthday, eventually he become tired and irritable, and he stuck out his tongue, in a mocking tone.

Neverless, Einstein was very fond of the picture. He cut the image, so it just seemedhe was alone. Then he repreduced the photo and send it to his friends.

Since the scientist had such a repitation for being quirky, the photo was just sees as another example of this irascible charm, and it is becoma one of the famous pictures of Einstein ever taken.

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